"Given the necessary recovery time, it is out of the question to take part in the next Olympic Games," Evora, 27, said in a statement.
"Don't anyone think this injury means that I'm finished. I have a lot of competitions ahead of me," said Evora, who beat Idowu to Olympic gold in Beijing by just five centimetres.
"The crack that was heard was a recurrence of the injury I had previously contracted, though not as severe as previously thought."
Evora, who also won World Championship gold in 2007, had surgery on the same injury in 2010, ruling him out of competition for a year.
Idowu, who would have been one of Evora's chief rivals for gold in London, said on Twitter: "I wish him a speedy recovery.
"Nelson Evora's injury is in no way good news for me. I want to compete and win against the best."
